Shirting mills and brands explained
The world of shirtings is not as confusing as suitings.
As outlined in two Permanent Style pieces (on English mills and Italian mills), there is a huge variation of mills, brands and integration in tailoring cloths that can be very confusing.
Shirtings are simpler. But it’s still probably worth setting out who the players are, how they interact, and whether you should consider any of it when looking through books at a bespoke shirtmaker.
The biggest player by some way is Albini (above).
Founded in 1876, it has gone through a period of expansion since the 1990s under Silvio Albini.
It bought British brand Thomas Mason in 1992 when the shirting mill (the last significant one in the UK) closed down. It has since also acquired David & John Anderson and Albiate.
The four brands are presented today as distinct collections:
- Albini: Italian style, lightweight cloths, subtle patterns
- Thomas Mason: English style, often heavier cloths, bolder patterns
- Albiate: Younger style, denims and flannels
- David & John Anderson: Luxury line, Giza 45 cottons, mostly plains blues and whites
The company has more recently had a policy of vertical integration, buying up some of its partners for spinning and dyeing, for example, and looking at making its own products.
“This started off slowly and accidentally,” Silvio Albini said when I talked to him last month. “We initially just wanted to get greater control over some supply problems.”
“But over time we have realised this is best way for us to safeguard our product, to help the industry, and to enable us to experiment and innovate at every stage of the production cycle.”
Next on the scale in terms of size are fellow Italians Monti and Canclini.
Monti (founded 1911) has gradually moved a lot of its production to India, but still makes some in Italy. It also includes both shirting production and garment manufacturing under its group.
The brand most consumers will see from the Monti group is S.I.C.Tess, which does often do some interesting and unique cloths.
Canclini (1925) is perhaps a third of the size of Albini in terms of production, and doesn’t own all of its looms - designing some to be made elsewhere.
It is located up near Como, with origins as a silk weaver rather than in cotton.
Canclini consistently has interesting designs on the casual side of the spectrum - such as my grey brushed cotton I had made up by Simone Abbarchi. (Other Abbarchi shirts in Canclini cloth shown above.)
It was also one of the first to offer a large part of its shirting collection as cut lengths to bespoke makers - which most of the other mills now also do.
A few miles north of Canclini in Switzerland is Alumo - the best-known shirting name outside Italy.
It is both a mill and a merchant, weaving everything itself (although no one outside Albini has the same degree of vertical integration).
Alumo produces some very fine shirtings, but tends to be more classic in its collections and less experimental.
Back in Italy, there are several much smaller operations.
The first is Grandi & Rubinelli, which weaves from just 15 looms. It uses this size to help small brands looking for small runs and sampling.
Bigger mills such as Albini have increasingly moved towards this end of the market, by introducing smaller dyeing minimums, for example.
Then there is Solbiati, a linen specialist that is always worth looking at for that fibre. It was recently bought by Loro Piana.
And finally there is Carlo Riva (above).
Riva fabrics have done a good marketing job in recent decades, becoming known as the finest and the silkiest shirtings.
It largely uses vintage looms with lower speeds and narrower widths (75cm or 90cm rather than the standard 150cm). These do produce particularly smooth, silky cottons, although generally not to my taste - they have a tendency to look too fancy and wrinkle easily.
Riva cloths are also produced in smaller numbers by Bonfanti, which got part of the production when the original company was split in 1995.
Outside of Italy and Switzerland, Portuguese mill Somelos has a strong reputation for quality at lower, highly competitive prices.
And then the big competition comes from Turkey, China and India. But nothing that should really be considered by bespoke shirting customers.
On that point, I tend not to favour the superfine shirtings (such as the Giza 45 or Riva fabrics) because they are so dressy (and therefore only suited to the most formal outfits) and expensive. The issues are similar to superfine suitings.
But, the standard qualities of the mills mentioned here will generally be a step above cheaper cloths from Turkey or Asia, and worth buying over them.
For example, many ready-made denim shirts are made with single-ply rather than two-ply yarns. This can make them look more distressed or worn-in, but two-ply denims will get softer and more comfortable with time - rather like Scottish cashmere.
And having said that, I would conclude that while it’s worth buying this level of quality, I wouldn’t recommend selecting shirting cloths based on the brand or mill.
As with tailoring, it is the fundamentals of fibre, weave and finish that are important. The size and structure of the mill shouldn’t be a factor.
Suiting mill articles:
Shirting mill sites:
- Albini: www.albinigroup.com
- Alumo: www.alumo.ch
- Bonfanti: bonfantitessuti.com
- Canclini: www.canclini.it
- Grandi & Rubinelli: www.tessitura-gr.it
- Monti: www.monti.it
- Somelos: www.somelos.pt
Photography: Simon Crompton and Luke Carby
Very informative Simon!
It would be interesting to do a custom run of a PS shirting (maybe a denim?), like the Breanish Tweed run. What do you think Simon?
Already in the works… It’s very special
Very useful overview, thanks.
Do any of the big Italian RTW manufacturers integrate their own cotton production, as they do wool? I’m thinking of Zegna or Loro Piana for instance.
No
What do you think about Soktas? I think it is a little bit better than Canclini. In the last few years Canclini is decreasing its quality…
I haven’t seen experienced that myself – could you be more specific on what you mean by lower quality?
On Soktas, they’re a decent Turkish producer, and attempting to produce Italian designs away from Italy in a similar way to Monti. But I’d generally stick to these true Italian makers, as mentioned.
I have worn soktas and it is not the best.
I would advise you to try Morarjee whites from india, they are beautiful and some nyc shirtmakers stock them as well
Do you know any reliable source of online sample pictures?
Clearly its always better to see things in person but its useful to be able to get an idea of whats available – particularly if you’re dealing with a travelling tailor who (a) wont always want to carry every sample book that exists and (b) you may only see once every few months…. took a year to get my first linen shirt made, even though to an existing pattern, due to them not bringing those books in winter and me not being able to meet them in spring etc.
No, sorry.
It’s worth remembering that a mill selling cloth directly to a customer is always going to be very expensive for them, in terms of time taken, shipping, stock and management etc. The business model of the merchant is already a very hard one to manage given the number of customers they have (tailors) making a very large number of very small orders.
Not looking to buy direct, the tailor will do that, but would like to be able to make a short list from photos and then ask the tailor to ensure they bring the appropriate sample books for me to make a final choice (or possibly just order if there’s a clear winner) without freeloading off a local shirt makers sample books
I see. To be honest, it sounds like you just need to ask the shirtmaker to bring out-of-season books. There aren’t that many, and looking online isn’t going to mean he brings one cloth or another, as they’ll all be in those books. It’s also unlikely to be worth the time for the mills to put all this online every season for only that purpose
Interesting you don’t include Acorn. I know they’re far from the quality of the best of mills you mention but I would have thought they were still in the league of shirtings worth considering when ordering bespoke? Keen to hear in what ways you think they fall short.
Many thanks.
Their quality is decent, but I don’t include them (a) because they are not a mill, but a merchant. So they design and stock, but don’t weave anything themselves. (Although they do use English mills, which is a point of difference). And (b) because they’re usually pretty expensive compared to the Italians without higher quality.
The good thing about Acorn is that they have all their shirtings online. That makes it pretty easy to order once you have found a good shirt maker. Is there quality issue? Some tailors on SR use them (e.g. C&M).
If you can speak as a whole, the Italians are a higher quality – but it’s largely in the top end, so superfine Egyptians, Sea Island etc
Hi Simon,
An extremely informative article.Like the fact that you actually gave your own conclusion (with explanation) instead of just sitting on the fence. However I notice you missed out on Testa/Ateliar Romentino? How would you rate it?
Andrew
For many years I bought my shirts from Charvet and there, despite the plethora of choice, reference was typically only made to weight, texture etc, rather than to provenance.
For a while now, I have been using a tailor in India who has perfected two patterns for me (formal and casual) each with their own collar shape, and who lists Alumo, Albini and G&R. I have many shirts from each cloth, and tend to go Alumo for the most formal, G&R for great stripes and checks, and Albini for oxfords and pinpoints.
Once you have weight, texture and pattern, everything becomes quite simple.
I am looking for a good tailor in India. Could you share with me the details of your tailor?
Hi Nick, pls share the tailor details, would be great to have a referenced one.
Please email me with the tailor’s name and contact details. I would love to get some shirts made with David & John Anderson fabric here. Thank you.
You guys can try Brunito. It is a ready to wear and bespoke brand of Italian shirts in India. They retail in bespoke stores in Delhi and Mumbai. You can go to their Calcutta outfit, which does fully bespoke shirts with fabrics from Alumo and DJA etc.
I could have included Testa, yes. There are some other small ones but I tried to list the main players.
Testa is good, an old mill and specialist in two-ply-yarn fabrics. They have formal shirtings mostly, and Atelier Romentino is their brand for fine, high-yarn count things like some Riva cloths
as of today Testa and Atelier Romentino have also shut down production.
The real story here is …. what happened to British shirting cloth !?
@Rabster.
The same thing that happened to the rest of Britain’s manfuacturing sector – Globalisation combined with a lack of political will to apply the sorts of protectionist measures that have kept Italian cotton mills going.
There are still a handful of domestic cotton manufacturers out there but most of them seem to concentrate on niche markets such as luxury furnishings, homeware and the aviation industry. The focus seems to be on producing small quantities to sell at high prices, rather than mass producing bog-standard cottons that can easily be purchased elsewhere.
Are Albiati and Albiate different companies with a nearly-identical name, or are they the same with different spellings? I’ve seen more wide references to Albiate and am so curious. Thanks!
One company, two typos…
Many thanks, Simon! 🙂
Thank you Simon.
Who makes for T&A?
You mean which shirting cloths do they use? I don’t know I’m afraid for RTW, but there are a few on offer for bespoke
In depth journalism yet again, great stuff Simon. On the subject of Asian mills, what would you suppose are the biggest factors preventing them from reaching the same fabric quality as the Italians, Swiss and Portuguese?
Partly a knowledge base, partly it’s not the market they’re aiming for. There’s much more money to be made in high volume work
Thanks on the writing comment. Means a lot
Don’t mention it, I just complement what I see. And what I see disagrees with the people who’ve been criticising your credibility (yep, unfortunately I’ve read such comments in your other posts too. So much negativity.) I see your points, and perhaps they can be attributed to the peculiarities of Asian business sense. Thanks for sharing your insights.
there are a host of factors:
1. Lack of knowledge of the workers compared to italian mills
2. rise of RTW hence focus on cheaper and higher qty production
3. WATER: it is a very important factor in suiting and shirting production. Alumo etc are located close to very good quality soft water which influences the finishing of the fabric
Hi Simon,
Realised there is also Bonfanti Tessuti.Your take on it?
Bonfanti are in there, under Riva
FYI if you look about, some of the mills have swatch images online. Grande & Rubinelli has a few. Bonfanti has over a hundred. Canclini has over a thousand.
Sorry if this is a stupid question but do any of those mentioned make shirts? Or they just make the fabric for shirts?
Albini have done some finished shirts, but no they pretty much all just make shirt material
Simon, you did a great piece on luxury & bespoke margins. What are the typical margins on shirts? Less I assume.
There is rarely a consistent margin for a category, like shirts. It more depends on the brand that is making them, and how they are made – like that example of luxury v bespoke brands.
Let’s say bespoke. Is there a typical margin?
As I said, not a specific one for shirts no – it is roughly similar as the same for bespoke tailoring
Who makes the best heavy and dry pinpoint fabrics (millipunti)?
Hi Simon,
Have you heard of Gaztner(from Austria)?
If you do what do you think of the shirting fabrics in relation to the rest in your post?
Thanks.
No, sorry
Hi Simon,
Would you know if S.I.C.Tess is produced in India? Or would this be the part of Monti that still produces in Italy?
Hi
Sic Tess is now more or less defunct. I think Monti has also stopped making any italian stuff anymore.
Both are still operating, but yes they’re not making in Italy
Simon, a few questions about shirts, if you will.
As background, I find suiting is fairly easy to pick. I usually go for navy, blues and greys with different weaves and texture (basically anything that can be pulled off in court which includes separates).
However, shirts have been surprising difficult. Yesterday, I had my first appointment with Luca in New York. While the design details were very easy to decide, I just could not select any fabrics.
Can you please expand on your currently published advice re shirts. I would love to learn more about weaves, weight, and blends, and the shirt fabrics you have known. It would be useful to know about their all day comfort and ability to wick moisture, how they wear, etc.
Personally, I am shooting for heavier fabrics with relatively looser weaves in a neutral palate of off-whites, and very light greys & blues, while continuing to play with texture. I find the light fabrics with high ‘S’ yarn numbers crumple and wrinkle if one so much as looks at them.
Additionally, would you also further expand on your advice on buttons.
As always, I remain very grateful to you.
Hi Jay,
Sure, I can do more at a later date. Briefly, I would say that I wear 80% plain blues or those with small stripes and patterns. I rarely want to experiment with a shirt. And I usually pick standard poplins – you’re right, it’s not worth having the finest cottons.
So I wouldn’t worry about the precise material, and just stick to whites and blues, with a few simple patterns.
S
I own a Brown Harris Tweed SC, like your Caliendo Tweed, that I like to wear with denim and grey flanell.
I plan to commission a summer version of that (also in brown) to wear with Chinos and Denim(when it rains)
Any Ideas?
For cloth? Get a linen/wool/silk mix from the likes of Caccioppoli or Drapers
Thanks! Very much appreciated.
What about a Wool/Cashmere Hopsack?
That could be nice too, though harder to be casual – it will depend a lot on the colours and texture
Hi Simon.
I ‘m a young tailor in Lima, Peru, always read your posts, very instructive, thank you for writing them. I want to import italian shirting fabrics to Peru, maybe not the most expensive but very decent quality. Can you recommend a brand?
Thank you.
Hi Simon,
How would you rate MILETA a.s.?
Cheers!
I’ve never used them I’m afraid
Hey Simon,
Great writing. Would like to talk more with you regarding this.
We are looking for a good direct source from where we can order a good quantity of premium than premium fabric. We are based in India where there are thousands of dealers are waiting for premium suiting fabric.
Please help us if Possible.
Awanish
[email protected]
Hi,
where are you based out of.
Do you do truly bespoke suits and shirts?
Can you recommend anywhere to buy casual shirtings, Simon? things like rougher oxfords, more textured chambrays or flannels, slubbier linens etc.? my shirt maker stocks many beautiful fine twills and poplins from Italy and Switzerland but asking for casual fabrics normally has him reaching for bold stripes and checks as opposed to more modern looking workwear esque fabrics that manage to be casual through their subtlety. Many RTW shops seem to stock more interesting fabrics in that regard, but I’m not keen on giving of the fit, make, and collar style from my shirt maker…
I know exactly what you mean. It’s one reason I introduced our denim shirting, and I’m planning on more interesting ones. I can’t suggest much other than brushed cottons in the meantime, and some of the other Albini denims and indigo linens
hello Simon,
How can we buy their fabrics in bulk
any suggestion ??
Please
Usually you can’t I’m afraid. Most are not set up to sell direct to consumers.
Hi Simon,
I am based in India and i have been wearing tailored shirts for almost a decade now.
The biggest mill in terms of production is Arvind. They cover a wide variety of price range, from the lowest to mid-high. But personally i prefer the quality of Morarjee, Monti and Soktas.
F.M. Hammerle, which is a German mill has also started production in India and they have good fabrics in a reasonable price range.
What’s your take on fabrics made in Indian mills ( including mills that have moved production to India like Monti, Soktas ) and how do you think that quality compares with the mills you have mentioned above.
Thanks, that’s very useful.
To be honest, I’ve never tried Indian production as far as I know, so I can’t really compare
Arvind and Soktas are really bad. Soktas is only used because of its jacquards hence slightly dressier designs.
Hammerle is actually an austrian company which had started production in Mysore. Unfortunately they are not doing that well, but they had the best fabric of them all.
Monti is always good and classic and doing well.
Hi Simon,
e.g. Suitsupply uses fabrics from mills like Albiate and Albini in shirting.
Does the quality of the fabric they do for RTW compare to the one they deliver for bespoke customers or is it just a label in RTW?
Best
j
No, they will be similar. It won’t be the cloth that varies so much there, more the make
hi simon I have done couple of MTO shirts with drake’s remotely and on various occasions been asked to pick fabrics across different brands (Thomas mason vs drake’s in-house fabrics). There is quite a big difference in price with Thomas mason there and I’m wondering if there is any reason (apart from the branding) one should go for the Thomas mason one especially if there are cheaper options in the same fabric design?
Hi Shem,
It’s very hard to say without knowing what they are being compared to, as Thomas Mason is universally good quality, while others may also be good or poor.
It’s really that guarantee that you’re paying for, unless it’s a Sea Island or some superfine.
Having said that, Drake’s should only be offering good fabrics as well.
Hi Simon,
Do you have a preference between S.I.C. Tess. and Alumo for a Cotton/Linen blend shirt ? One of the french bespoke shirt maker says that S.I.C Tess is the best, and another one says that is just “ok”. Because it will be my first cotton/linen shirt I don’t want to make a mistake.
I doubt you’ll notice any difference at all Vincent. If there is one, it will be in the fineness, the weave or the weight, which is not a question of which mill you pick, but just what a particular cloth has been done as. Check those details, and don’t worry about the ‘brand’ of the mill as much.
You forgot Soktas. A Turkish Mill that uses long staple Egyptian cotton grown in Turkey. They have a very elaborate book including linens and linen cotton blends. Everything from 200/2 to 140/2. Pricing is very competitive, fabrics are not treated with enzymes and there is a very large collection of certified organic cottons.
I have noticed there are quite a few fabrics now that use two-ply warp and single-ply weft. For example 100/2 x 50/1 and 120/2 x 70/1.
Do you have any experience with the durability of cloths like this compared to fully two-ply cloths like 100/2 x 100/2 and 120/2 x 120/2?
Does the heavier single-ply yarn provide sufficient durability or are the fully two-ply fabrics still likely to last longer?
I have used them, yes, and not noticed any issues with durability. Then again, I have quite a few suits! I wouldn’t necessarily recommend it to someone who was buying that one business suit, in the same way as I wouldn’t recommend a superfine wool.
Thanks for the note. I was referring, though, to shirting. Have you tried this type of fabric construction on any shirts? Or discussed the reasons for this construction with the mills.
Oh, sorry, of course. In that case I’d have far fewer concerns. You can tell much more easily with a shirt how rugged or not it is from the feel
Hi Simon, I was wondering whether you tried both Albini and Thomas Mason’s poplin cloths(2/100 or 2/120) for shirts? If so, which one did you prefer for formality and functionality?
Many thanks,
Jack
To be honest there isn’t much different Jack. The 120 might be a touch more silky and formal, but it’s very marginal
Hello Simon,
Great post as always! I want to raise back this topic with question with Monti and Canclini. I was recently informed by our distributor that Monti has sold its factory in India to be soon on produce in Italy, while Canclini has moved a lot of its production to Vietnam and China. I think you could verify this better than I can do.
I can’t I’m afraid, I don’t know the details of either, sorry.
Hi Simon,
I have a question about Loro Piana’s shirting fabrics. Do they enjoy the same reputation as their suiting fabrics? I have seen Japanese shirtmakers using LPs shirtings fabrics.
Duke
Yes they’re certainly in the same league. Less design originality than in the tailoring, but certainly the same quality
Great article. Familiar with all the mills. Have you them all at one time or another.
Hi Simon. I will be traveling to Europe (London, Paris and Italy, amongst others) at the end of the month from Australia. Any advice on suppliers of interesting/unusual shirting who sell cut lengths direct to consumers? Something outside the standard Albini/Mason (which I can easily access from home) would be great. Thanks in advance.
Not really Lachie, sorry, it’s not something that’s very available or that I’ve done much. You’re most likely to find them at actual shirtmakers.
If Camiceria Piccolo still exists in Naples, that has quite a large range, but it’s mostly the kind of business-type shirts you’re already familiar with.